![]() ![]() Such a route would have both military and commercial uses. Such an alternative was possible by travelling the Humber River – Holland River – Lake Simcoe route (known as the Toronto Carrying Place) to the east end of Georgian Bay. First, there was the desire to provide for an unbroken line of settlement along the shore of Lake Ontario between the Trent River and the head of the lake second, it was also considered advisable to have an alternate route to the interior, other than the Ottawa River or the Lake Erie – Detroit River – St. Clair River. Two considerations inclined British officials in Canada to seek extensions of these agreements. The circumstances surrounding these agreements have been examined elsewhere. These agreements were made in 17 for the purpose of providing settlement areas for the Loyalists who sought refuge in Canada after the American Revolution. Further cessions – popularly known as "treaties" – allowed the Crown in Canada to acquire lands on the north shore of the upper St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario between Montreal and the Trent River, and land lying between the head of Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, running from the Niagara River to the Thames River. The first of these agreements involving Canadian territory took place in 17 and involved the land on the left bank of the Niagara River. ![]() Footnote 5 That was to be done at a formal council, summoned for the purpose of taking such a land surrender, attended by representatives of the Crown and of the Indian bands who occupied the tract in question. Footnote 4 It should be noted further that the Royal Proclamation also provided that lands within that Indian Territory could be acquired by the Crown if the Indian occupants agreed to relinquish it. In terms of Canadian territory as determined by the results of the American Revolution, this meant the land lying north of the international boundary and westward of a line drawn from the south shore of Lake Nipissing to the point at which the 45 parallel of latitude crossed the St. Lawrence River. It should be noted, however, that the British Crown decreed that the interior of North America – between the Appalachian highland and the Mississippi River – should be an Indian Territory, and that white penetration of it should stop, at least temporarily. That important document has been the object of many studies Footnote 3 and therefore need not be discussed at length here. The need for land cession agreements was asserted in 1763, when the British Crown issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763. They resulted because of several incidents, errors and crises that occurred between 17. These several considerations, either singly or combined make the Williams agreements unique in the field of land cessions in Ontario. The negotiations surrounding the treaties involved both the Government of Canada which had legislative responsibility for "Indians and lands reserved for Indians," Footnote 1 and the Government of Ontario which had control over "all Lands, Mines, Minerals, and Royalties." Footnote 2.The large northern sector included substantial portions of land that had been the object of previous land cession treaties.At the time of the treaties, much of the land in question was already being used by government, either for settlement or for the exploitation of natural resources, such as lumbering and mineral extraction.Two quite distinct groups of Indian bands were involved: The Mississauga Indians of Rice Lake, Mud Lake, Scugog Lake and Alderville and the Chippewa Indians of Christian Island, Georgina Island and Rama.The first two parcels together contained about 2,500 square miles and the third involved approximately 17,600 square miles, a total of 12,944,400 acres. Several points concerning these agreements are noteworthy. A very large tract lying between Lake Huron and the Ottawa River bounded on the north by the Mattawa River-Lake Nipissing and French Line and on the south by earlier treaties concluded in 18.A parcel of land lying between the northern extremity of (1) above and Lake Simcoe and bounded approximately by the Holland River and the boundary between the counties of Victoria and Ontario. ![]()
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