![]() ![]() ![]() This task is typically implemented by a battery management system (BMS), which IEEE Standard 1491 defines as “a permanently installed system for measuring, storing and reporting battery operating.” The proper management of these battery packs is a highly important task that requires both hardware and software components. In these applications, lead-acid, nickel metal hydride (NiMH) and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are commonly used. "We are now working on next-gen CAMs that have even lower-Ni/Co content which will again lower the cost of CAM materials," Xin added.Batteries are widely used in many applications, such as electric vehicles with different categories (battery EVs, hybrid vehicles and fuel-cell EVs), as well as energy storage for various purposes, such as grid stability, peak shaving and renewable-energy time shifting. In the future, it could be used to create more affordable Li-ion batteries for a wide range of applications, while also potentially inspiring the introduction of similar doping-based approaches to create cobalt-free batteries. In initial tests, Co-free cathodes created using the team's strategy performed remarkably well, enabling the fabrication of stable and efficient Li-ion batteries with long lifecycles. This makes it easier to implement on a large-scale. In contrast with other proposed strategies to reduce the reliance of Li-ion batteries on Co and Ni, the approach introduced by Xin and his colleagues does not require the coating of the materials' surface. "We demonstrated low cation mixing that unlocks high capacity (190 mAh/g at C/10) and high specific energy (700 wh/kg at C/3), a high thermal stability that outperforms that of NMC-532 and a long cycle life reaching >4000 cycles, which makes it competitive against LFP cells." "Our proposed strategy is low cost because it is cobalt-free, Ni content is reduced by 50%, and Mn, the main material we use, is cheap," Xin said. Via low cation mixing, it was found to enable a high capacity of 190 mAh/g at C/10 and a high specific energy of 700 wh/kg at C/3 in cathode materials, as well as a high thermal stability and long battery lifecycles. The concentration complex doping strategy proposed by Xin and his colleagues has several notable advantages. "Very successfully, we quickly showed that the concentration complex doping strategy can enable a commercially viable low-Ni, high-Mn CAM. "After this previous study was published in Nature, I told my team that we should try to apply this strategy to create a low-Ni CAM," Xin explained. Their strategy is based on so-called concentration complex doping, a technique to change the properties of materials using specific chemical substances (i.e., dopants). In 2020, Xin and his colleagues devised a new strategy to achieve zero-strain in a high-Ni (Ni-80%) cathode active material (CAM). ![]() During a project review meeting at the end of 2019, on behalf of my team, I made a few new year's resolutions, one of which was to create a low-Ni, high-Mn, Co-free cathode to circumvent the Ni pain point." In 2019, the problem of Ni becoming the next pain point for the EV industry has already formed in my mind, because I found that the price of Ni had already increased to one third of Co's price. "When we began our research, the whole industry was working on ultrahigh-Ni cathode to replace or lower Co use. "Our project started in 2018 and ended in March 2023," Huolin Xin, one of the researchers who carried out the study, told Tech Xplore. Department of Energy's Vehicle Technology Office. Their study, featured in Nature Energy, was funded by the U.S. Researchers at University of California Irvine, and other institutes across the United States recently introduced a new strategy to create cobalt-free cathodes for Li-ion batteries that do not adversely impact the batteries' performance. Battery manufacturers and energy experts have thus been trying to identify alternative designs that require little or no cobalt and nickel, as they could reduce the costs of Li-ion batteries and facilitate their large-scale production. Despite their advantages, Li-ion batteries are becoming increasingly expensive, as they contain materials that are in high demand and difficult to source in large quantities, such as cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni). ![]()
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